On a crisp autumn morning in 1964, in the historic city of Hangzhou, China, a boy was born into a world that offered little in the way of opportunity. His parents were traditional storytellers and musicians — a respectable career but one that did not provide him fortune or stability.

As he grew, so did China, enmeshed in the turmoil of political and economic transformation. These conditions, however, were not constraints for young Ma Yun, better known to the world as Jack Ma; rather, they served as the setting for an inspiring tale of unwavering ambition, tenacity and trailblazing leadership.

A curious mind in a changing China

Jack Ma was unique even as a little child. As his contemporaries played in Hangzhou’s winding alleys, he found himself lured to a world outside of China. As the nation started to open up to international tourists in the 1970s, Hangzhou’s well-known West Lake developed into a popular destination. Ma recognized a chance.

Equipped only with curiosity and tenacity, he started providing free tours to Western tourists in return for English language instruction. He would wait for tourists to arrive at the Hangzhou Hotel every morning for 40 minutes on his bicycle. He relentlessly practiced, studied and listened. He was a self-taught fluent English speaker, which was unusual in a country where few people spoke the language. He even made friends with a visitor who gave him the nickname “Jack,” which would eventually spread throughout the international business community. However, despite his aspirations, the path ahead was far from straightforward.

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The struggles of a determined student

Ma wasn’t a brilliant student. Failure was not an option in China, where admission exams served as the gateway to higher education. Ma, however, did not pass his university entrance exam. Not once. But twice.

His weakness was mathematics. He suffered in a society that seemed to value numbers, but he didn’t let that define him. He eventually got accepted to Hangzhou Teachers Institute, a small school in comparison to China’s top institutions, on his third try. His decision to major in English seemed to offer little financial security at the moment, but it would turn out to be crucial in the long run.

Ma became passionate about teaching and honed his public speaking abilities while in college. He accepted a job teaching English after graduating in 1988, making a pitiful $12 per month. He was driven, enthusiastic and committed to motivating his kids, but he also understood that this was not where he was going to end up.

A series of rejections

With a degree in hand, Ma went out to get a higher-paying job. What followed was a series of humiliating rejections that would have crushed a lesser spirit.

He was frequently rejected from dozens of employment applications. Twenty-four people applied when KFC established its first location in Hangzhou. They hired 23. The only person who was turned away was Ma. They told him that he wasn’t good enough when he wanted to join the police force. Even though every rejection was painful, Ma persisted in his efforts because he believed that failure was merely a necessary step on the path to achievement.

Then things would change when he traveled to the United States for business in the mid-1990s.

The internet awakening

Ma first came into contact with the internet in the United States. He found it fascinating. It was astounding how much information was available at the touch of a button. However, he noticed that there was hardly any information regarding China.

A concept started to take shape. What if he could assist Chinese companies connect with the rest of the world by creating an internet directory? After his return to China, he established China Pages in 1995 despite having no technological know-how, minimal funding and no prior experience in the internet sector.

However, China Pages was a step ahead. In China, the internet was still a novel idea, and investors were wary. Ma had to leave the company after it suffered. Although it was a hard lesson, he gained a peek into the future, which was much more valuable.

Related: 22 Crazy Things We’ve Learned About Alibaba Billionaire Jack Ma

The birth of Alibaba

In his little Hangzhou apartment, Ma hosted 18 friends and coworkers in 1999. He had an idea for a business that would use the internet to help Chinese small enterprises access international markets.

Alibaba came into being.

It was a harsh beginning. Capital was limited, investors were dubious and China’s internet infrastructure was in its infancy. Venture investors rejected Ma’s concept repeatedly after he presented it to them. However, he had learned from his mistakes and was determined not to give up this time.

The Japanese financial titan SoftBank recognized Alibaba’s potential in 2000 and contributed $25 million. It was the pivotal moment. Alibaba started expanding quickly after receiving fresh funding.

The rise of a global empire

Alibaba wasn’t simply another online retailer. There was a movement. In order to give entrepreneurs who had been disregarded by conventional business models a voice, Ma envisioned a digital marketplace where tiny firms might flourish.

In 2003, the company launched Taobao, a consumer-to-consumer marketplace that swiftly surpassed eBay in China. Then came Alipay, a third-party payment system that transformed online shopping and gave millions of people convenience and security.

Ma’s fame expanded along with Alibaba’s impact. He had established himself as a global corporate icon by the time Alibaba went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2014, raising an unprecedented $25 billion.

A legacy beyond business

Ma could have stopped there, but his vision went far beyond Alibaba. He became a champion for small businesses, traveling the world to promote technology and entrepreneurship as tools for economic empowerment. He retired as chairman of Alibaba in 2019 after stepping down as CEO in 2013, focusing on philanthropy and investing his time and energy in environmental projects, education and rural development through the Jack Ma Foundation because he felt that true leadership was about giving back rather than accumulating wealth.

Related: The 5-Hour Rule Used by Bill Gates, Jack Ma and Elon Musk

A story of resilience

More than just a tale of financial success, Ma’s path serves as a lesson in perseverance. They continuously told him he wasn’t good enough, rejected him and made fun of him. Failure, however, never deterred him.

From a young lad offering free tours in return for English lessons to a jobless individual who kept getting turned down for jobs to a multibillionaire businessman who revolutionized international trade, Ma’s tale demonstrates that success is not determined by one’s starting point. It all comes down to how committed you are to persevering.

His experience serves as a reminder that challenges are stepping stones rather than impediments. And that often the most modest beginnings lead to the greatest dreams.